JEE Main 2024 — Biomolecules Question with Solution

The correct answer is Option A: (B) and (D).

Let’s analyze each statement:

(A) Enzymes are biocatalysts. - This statement is correct. Enzymes are indeed biocatalysts, meaning they are natural catalytic substances produced by living organisms to speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process. They are crucial for a myriad of biological processes.

(B) Enzymes are non-specific and can catalyse different kinds of reactions. - This statement is incorrect. Enzymes are highly specific in nature; they typically catalyze only one kind of reaction or a very limited range of reactions. This specificity is a result of the unique 3D structure of the enzyme molecule, particularly the active site where substrate molecules bind.

(C) Most enzymes are globular proteins. - This statement is correct. The vast majority of enzymes are indeed globular proteins. This means they are folded into a compact shape which is crucial for their function. Their globular structure allows for the creation of specific active sites where the chemical reactions take place.

(D) Enzyme - oxidase catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose. - This statement is incorrect. The enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose is maltase, not oxidase. Oxidases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of electrons to oxygen, and are involved in oxidation reactions, not in the hydrolysis of sugars.

Therefore, the incorrect statements regarding enzymes are (B) Enzymes are non-specific and can catalyse different kinds of reactions, and (D) Enzyme - oxidase catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose, making Option A the correct choice.